Ancient quest of saqqarah temple of sobek10/10/2023 This role was frequently evoked in the cycle of hymns for Sobek, which were recorded during the late Middle Kingdom. Sobek-Re, in his crocodile form crowned with the solar disc and uraeus (the symbolic cobra), became the creator who rose from the primeval waters, Nun, and formed the rest of the gods and the world. Even the Coffin Texts, the funerary texts used primarily during the Middle Kingdom, address Sobek as “he who rises in the east and sets in the west.”īy this merger, Sobek was no longer just a local god of inundation and fertility but the creator god through his association with Re. Sobek-Re’s name first appeared at the entrance to the Theban tomb of Daga, an official during Montuhotep II’s reign. Such mergers of local and broader deities were not uncommon during these periods. That prominence came as early as the reign of Montuhotep II, the first king of the Middle Kingdom, when Sobek was merged with the sun god, Re. However, it was not the appearance of Sobek’s cult in other provinces that made him important. Relief of the God Sobek from Kom Ombo temple The cult of Sobek at Sumenu became the second most important after that of Shedet, especially during the reign of Amenemhat II. This period came to an end when the Theban kings of dynasty 11 took control of Upper and Lower Egypt, beginning what is known as the Middle Kingdom. His cult there was present since the Heracleopolitan period when dynasties nine and 10 ruled Egypt from the Delta. Despite the occasional literary references to Sobek, his prominence at that time was focused on his cult center at Shedet.Īfter the demise of the Old Kingdom, Sobek appeared as a prominent local god at Sumenu, a locality in the Theban province. ![]() In the Old Kingdom, Sobek was established as one of the significant gods of Egyptian religion and was frequently mentioned in the funerary Pyramid Texts. The sealing shows crocodiles facing a distinctively shaped shrine that later became the symbol for the city of Shedet (modern-day Fayum). He first appeared on a sealing from the reign of King Narmer, the first king of the first dynasty. ![]() The cult of Sobek was probably one of the earliest in ancient Egypt.
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